STEP 1: HAVING FUN WITH WHAT YOU DO !
This very first step may look little bit awkward, straightforward or cliche! However, it is the most important one of all for those who would like to reach their goals in life with ease.

Unless you have fun with what you do, there is almost no way to succeed in  Below mentioned steps only make sense with the presence of this one, which is also the key to invigorate the motivation you need while walking through them.



STEM Education: Students being exposed to a well established STEM Education learn the topics through hands-on experiences and through fun-to-do activities. This definitely enhances the level of happiness during the learning process. Gamification is a strong add-on into the education process, creating a stress-free environment which inherently boosts the quality and effectiveness of the class being taught. Another great benefit of STEM Education is that of possessing a holistic approach which help students make connections between different disciplines and the everyday life. Not only is this a great way of showing the full picture of the topic being studied, but also a very powerful tool for making students reach the deep understanding of the concepts. What I have noticed in the classes that I taught during my academic career is that the more students understand a concept through making connections with real life, the more do they get excited to study and learn. “Having Fun with what you do” is definitely the most crucial of all the steps that we discuss here.

STEP 2: Educating oneself continuously / Acquiring Knowledge
A young entrepreneur should reach the deep understanding of “how to learn” without the presence of an external help, should consider education as a life-long process, and should create / chase every bit of opportunity to learn. Note that “SCHOOL is NOT necessarily EDUCATION”. What we mean by “learning” here has nothing to do with “acquiring all the information about everything” but it is rather “acquiring knowledge through synthesizing the collected information and making connections”.

STEM Education: Rather than getting prepared for in-class written and oral exams, the true STEM Education requires students to prepare presentations on topics, to get involved in projects and to participate to science / technology competitions. We also witness certain schools dedicated to the principles of the STEM Education organizing field trips to internationally popular technology conferences and exhibitions. They all actually help students learn “how to learn” and get updated on the topics being discussed throughout the globe through different information channels. This type of education model is definitely of great importance for teaching a young person that there may be many different means of obtaining a required information which can well be accomplished through personal endeavors. Since, STEM Education favors the idea of skeptic thinking rather than the dark side of memorization, the students are also urged to question even a minuscule portion of a collected information. I have also experienced that the best way of learning something is only through being your own teacher. The most I learned about a topic was when I was preparing the lecture notes of the classes I was teaching.

It would also be a very good and useful practice for students to suppose themselves as the instructors of the classes that they are taking and think how they would teach the topics differently. In order to make the whole story short, the KEY here is “to be able to learn how to learn a certain topic and make good sense of what you have learned”. This then leads you the KNOWLEDGE. As you may have noticed, in Step 2, the students who have gone through the STEM Education can demolish all barriers of ignorance confronting them. They can learn anything when they want it (or need it), and mainly through their own efforts.

STEP 3:  Having a good business model / Strategizing
This is basically the part where you design your business. You have to build up (create) a very strong plan and strategize well at the very beginning to ensure that your business is very likely to grow gradually. You should also devise back-up plans to support your main plan. What will distinguish yourself from others are the innovative solutions you constantly adopt. You should also always have an exit strategy. Not all start-up companies prosper or not all entrepreneurs become successful at their first attempts. There will always be risks; troubles may pop up in a very sudden and harsh way. However, you should not refrain from taking risks. As a young entrepreneur, you should just learn how to take CALCULATED RISKS and have courage to initiate the exit strategy when is the time.    

STEM Education: As mentioned above, project-based-education model has a great advantage for providing students with acquiring research skills. The STEM Education should also involve great deal of lab hours where students should be encouraged to run their own experiments to demonstrate the application of theories in practice. ART Education incorporated into the STEM Education is also extremely important to invigorate the creativity of the students (For more about this topic, please read the recent article posted on my BLOG:  http://www.ariferkoca.info/blogs/innovation-and-steam-education)

STEP 4: Making sure that your idea would fill the gap / Researching + Surveying
“What is nice to you” may not always match “what people really need or want”. It is not logical to hope that your business will grow even if no one wants your product and/or service.  As a young entrepreneur, you should be flexible in a sense that you should always test your ideas, create alternative solutions, ask questions to people and “LISTEN” to what they say. You should observe recent trends and anticipate in what direction the people’s interests / needs may change. A must-follow-method here is definitely “sending out customer surveys”. However, one can always find alternative methods to observe the social behaviors.   

STEM Education: One of the benefits (apart from others) of the STEM Education is to help students open up their senses and it encourages them to be proactive researchers.

STEP 5: CONNECTING WITH OTHERS / NETWORKING
If you would like to grow your business, you have to connect with others. It is not only about communicating with those within your environment but also with those beyond your reach. In today’s world, it is now very easy to spread your word around the globe through the use of technological tools which you should leverage to communicate with not only your potential customers but also those (experts, academia, other business owners, … etc) who can provide you with some useful feedback about your business. In certain sectors, your products and services may be looked for in other countries. You can also partner with companies / people to expand your business abroad. Certain business development techniques involve the effective use of internet; participation to webinars, conferences, trade shows; and creating your own networking events.

STEM Education: Gamification discussed in Step 1, in-class activities, group projects and many other items conveyed through STEM Education are all assisting students to develop social skills in the course of their education life at school. They learn how to communicate with other students and collaborate to complete group projects. The quality of having good communication skills is a key differentiator for the desired success in today’s world. If you do not know how to communicate with others, you probably will have no chance to ascend in your career.

The curiosity of human mind set the foundations for the SCIENCE and the laws of physics emerged in our lives. With an endless eagerness and enthusiasm, we have observed EVERYTHING with an ultimate goal to unravel the secrets hidden within the recesses of the very UNIVERSE. And, we still and will always be in the quest for UNDERSTANDING what yet seems mysterious.

Speaking of Physics, it may be better to start off with elucidating the process of questioning, and understanding how physicists approach a problem. As opposed to the conviction of many people that great physicists like Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Paul Dirac, Richard Feynman, ... are great since they could solve very complex problems, they are actually great since they were able to see the easy-to-handle pieces within the most intricate structures. Great Minds in Physics always tend to explain the concepts with the most basic terms and in the end when you finish listening to their lectures and/or reading their books, you are amazed by how everything, which seemed quite complicated at a glance, turns into something easy to grasp.

If you can not see the SIMPLE, you can not handle the COMPLEX.

Here in this blog post, I present to you a complex-looking Physics Problem and solve it by following the SIMPLE -----> COMPLEX approach. I have created this particular physics problem so as to convey highly important messages (through analogies) to entrepreneurs, to physics and engineering majors who would like to pursue their careers in business, and to other avid readers.

See yourself what a Physics Problem can tell us more than expected!

Suppose there is a box standing on the floor and it is allowed to move horizontally in one dimension on the surface. There are two forces, F1 and F2 (each one can be modeled as a square wave with an amplitude of 5N) acting on this box horizontally, where each force can be active for no more than 15 minutes total within a time frame of 30 minutes. There is also friction (with a maximum magnitude of f=8N) between the floor and the box. How should these two forces (F1 and F2) act so that the box speeds up to a speed as fast as possible  when t=25min? (t=0 is the time when the 30 minute time frame is started)

Wow ... what a question? seems complex enough, even a little bit weird, but it is good that it is weird, right? nothing in life is that straightforward, a little speck of weirdness is always good, trust me! anyway, back to the problem! what on earth are all these things are ... square wave? friction, forces, time frame, ...? "speeding up the box" thing to reach the "fastest speed"? ... There is really too much stuff to grasp at once! At this point, we may feel like we are living one of those times of our lives when there seems to be so much to cope with and we get stuck and don't know what to do ???? A piece of advise tells us that the best way to handle all of this is to BE STILL. I am NOT saying "Just, don't do anything". Remember "BEING STILL" and "DOING NOTHING" ARE TWO DIFFERENT THINGS.

Let's now be still and calm down, and focus on Problem #0. There is nothing to worry about; we will see how easy and fun it can get to deal with this question; dissecting it, working out the pieces, and combining them ... etc. This way of thinking may also help us better react when in distress. Maybe the solutions to our problems are not far away, maybe it is our minds which make things more complicated than they actually are! To me, how we approach a problem is more imperative than the solution itself. Not every problem has the same solution, but once we allocate the logic, reasoning and flexibility in our way of thinking, we would be closer to the solutions we are seeking.

Enough of diversion from Problem #0! Please read it again. As I promised, we will try to go from SIMPLE to COMPLEX. Here is how it works. We will first try to get the SIMPLEST part out so as to form a strong infrastructure, then start to CREATE the rising steps until we reach the very summit, i.e the original problem … Once all the parts seem straightforward, so will the problem in the end.

CONSTRUCT THE BASICS IN THE PROBLEM
1) It is a one dimensional motion. Let's say the box can move to the Right (let's denote it as "+" direction) or to the Left (let's denote it as "-" direction).
2) There are two external forces (let's call them F1 and F2) and each has magnitude of maximum 5 N when they are turned on.
3) There is a frictional force whose magnitude is 8N at most, opposing any motion.

Ok, now we are ready to BUILD UP.

PROBLEM #1
In this problem, let's suppose F1 (5N) and F2 (5N) represent two workers who are in charge of moving the box on the floor (via pulling it) where there is friction (f=8N). How should F1 and F2 act in order to make the box move ?

Answer: We know that F1=5N, F2=5N and f=8N. The answer to this problem is straightforward, right? They should both pull in the SAME direction. In this way, they will be able to overcome the frictional force and the box will move (compare Figure 1 and Figure 2).

We are done with the first rung and moving up. Now, let's have some fun and create a brand new problem, yet little bit more complex than the previous one.

PROBLEM #2               THEME: DIFFERENT PHASES
We are back to the workers in the previous problem. These workers work as a team and they were given a window of 30 minutes to complete the task (from 10:30am to 11:00am). Each worker can work at most 15 minutes in the duration of this 30-minute time period. How effective would it be if both workers work non-stop for 15 minutes and worker #1 starts to pull the box 10 minutes after the worker #2 starts to pull?

Answer: Figure 3 depicts the situation. From now on, the Light Green Regions in the graphs are the time intervals where the net force on the box (F1+F2-f=(5+5-8)N=2N) is in + direction, making the box speed up.

The two workers overcome the friction only between the 10th and 15th minutes (light green region). The rest of the time the friction will be greater than F1+F2 which leads to a decrease in the speed or it would be even impossible to start any motion. Hence, it is obvious that for the first 10 minutes, it is only the worker #2 who pulls the box with 5N which can not overcome the friction, and there will not be a hint of motion at all.

Figure 3 features a typical example of two square waves with the same frequency (i.e same on- and off- cycles) but different PHASES; hence the first one is delayed in time by 10 minutes with respect to the second one. So, these workers are NOT IN PHASE here!

PROBLEM #3    THEME: DIFFERENT FREQUENCIES
Let's repeat the previous problem assuming that both workers start to work together (i.e they have the same PHASE initially). However, the first one works on and off with 5 minute intervals, whereas the second one with 15 minute intervals (i.e they possess different FREQUENCIES).

Answer: Figure 4 depicts the new situation. Now, we have more light green regions where positive work is done on the box (i.e the box speeds up). However, we can see there are still times during which the workers work but the box does not speed up (times during which they do not pull the box together)!

PROBLEM #4
Based on what we've learned in previous problems, let's now try to find an example of a case where the box speeds up at all times when either worker is pulling it.

Answer: Here is an example which meets the requirement (Figure 5), which shows that both workers must possess the identical on- and off- stages. Whenever one pulls the box, the other one has to pull as well so as to create a net force in the + direction, resulting in speeding up the box. In other words, they must be IN PHASE and they must have the SAME FREQUENCY.

So far, we have done a great job. But we are not done yet. We should be SKEPTICAL like all scientists and make sure what we have done so far is complete. Therefore, it is always a good practice to go back and check the original problem (i.e Problem #0) and read it thoroughly to see if we have answered it completely or if there are still loose ends. In order to do that, what we need is the VISUALIZATION. Try to visualize the motion of the box in your mind and criticize yourself. This is the final step we will take.

PROBLEM #5
Check the answer to Problem #4 and see if we could ever reach the fastest speed possible at any time during the course of actions? Find the condition for reaching the fastest speed. If possible, how would it be possible to reach the fastest speed at the end of the 25th minute (see what is asked in Problem #0)?

Answer: Let's analyze what happens during the course of actions presented in Figure 5 (see above)
    1.    0 min < t < 5 min    :  No motion
    2.    5 min < t < 10 min  :  2N net force acting in "+" direction speeds up the box
    3.    10 min < t < 15 min : 8N (friction) acting in "-" direction slows down the box so fast that the box stops for a while (hence 8N is way larger than 2N) until the net force in "+" direction is again 2N (when t=15min).  
The rest of the motion will be the repetition of 2. and 3. steps here. So the box, speeds up for 5 minutes, then slows down and stops, then speeds up again, slows down and stops, so for and so forth.

Ahaaaaa, now let's answer this: How would it be possible to keep speeding up the box without any interruption (i.e no slowing down stages in between speeding up ones)? Do you think we could have done that by applying the 2N net force in the "+" direction CONTINUOUSLY for more than 5 minutes? Yessssssss.

Think of workers starting to work at the same time non-stop for 15 minutes. Then, this would mean a 2N of net force acting on the box non-stop for 15 minutes (i.e keep speeding it up for 15 minutes without any slowing down) .... wow, how amazing!!!! We are doing some physics here; some intuition, reasoning, and logic.

Now, we have the full control over the Problem. We are asked to have the highest speed when t=25min. Then, we also know when the workers should start to work (t(min)=25-15=10) ... See the answer below (Figure 6).

I) CAUSE
In today's business world, it is almost impossible to do anything without forming a team. However, not all teams turn out to be working as effective as others. What is really the most basic item which defines a team then? To me, it is the COMMON CAUSE. Unless all team members are dedicated to same principles, ideals, goals, or simply the underlying CAUSE lying underneath the formation of the team, it would be a waste of time to try to do anything together.

In strong teams, all team members devote all their efforts and time to the same cause. They always pull the box in the same direction. The team's goals always take precedence over individual interests, ambitions, or benefits.

As a side note, we should all remember that the fate of our business not only depends on our strength but also on the factors which cause serious trouble to us. Regardless of the size of the business, there will always be internal struggles such as employee dissatisfaction, financial issues, ... etc and external risks / threats such as vicious competition, economical instabilities, ... etc. Altogether, they cause a significant burden (like the friction we faced in above Physics Problem) hindering the growth of any business. However, there is good chance to overcome all these if everybody sticks to the SAME CAUSE.

II) COLLABORATION
It is naturally expected and mostly essential that everybody in a team may have different abilities, skills and expertise. Once utilized wisely, the presence of these differences usually provide competitive advantages against the rivals in your business. All team members should be aware of these differences and know how to COLLABORATE by respecting each others' strengths. Especially, at the beginning of a project, a road map must be agreed on by all members of the team, all the assigned tasks must be shared among the members, making sure that everybody is on the same page. You can only COLLABORATE with others as long as you are in PHASE with them.

III) COMMUNICATION
In any business, there are certain times serious problems arise due to lack of communication between team members and/or different departments of the company. In spite of the presence of a common CAUSE and noticeable tendency to COLLABORATE, the lack of COMMUNICATION can lead the whole organization to inescapable downfalls.

In a company, for instance, whose Marketing Department is extensively promoting products which are obsolete and are not manufactured by the Production Department anymore, is a total nonsense. However, sometimes these kind of weird situations happen in real life. This is mostly due to problems in communication within the organization.

Even if not present initially, the problems due to internal communication loss can originate and even build up in time, leading the business towards an irreversible disaster! The only way to treat this condition is to make all the active members of your business to be aware of each other and act together by possessing the same reaction times to any changes in due course. In this way, the whole entity will be like a wave with single FREQUENCY!  

IV) CONTINUITY
"A business can fail in two ways: not surviving beyond its start and not reaching its full potential. While shutdowns receive the most attention, failure to reach full potential is much more catastrophic." says Kevin D. Johnson (Founder and CEO of Johnson Media Inc.)[2] It is really a shame not being able to reach higher echelons in spite of having a promising potential to do so.

While solving Problem #5, we witnessed a similar case; we studied two workers trying to speed up a box. Due to their allowing the friction to slow down the box and even to stop it in between their successive actions, they could never make the box reach the maximum speed possible. Later, we showed (for that specific problem) how to utilize the existing potential so as to make the box reach its maximum speed available under given circumstances.

As a direct analogy, our actions in our businesses also define whether our business will grow or flounder.  The wilderness of the business environment is nothing but as dangerous as shallow waters with tons of sharks swimming and waiting for you. Therefore, you should be always ready for threats and should structure your business in a such way that CONTINUITY should be adapted as your philosophy. No question that as soon as you fall into sleep mode, you start to loose. No matter how strong your team might be in terms of collaboration and communication skills, without CONTINUITY there is a very slim chance of maintaining your success and even of surviving in the long run.

A very powerful concept which supports the PILLAR of CONTINUITY is the "Innovation" (which we can discuss more in detail some other time). The companies, who innovate, not only possess a competitive advantage in the market but also ensures a progressive business development.

LESSONS WE LEARNED in a NUTSHELL
1) There are times that we face very complex problems in our lives. We feel like we get stuck and we do not know how to handle the situation: Think simple! Re-describe the problem in simple terms and reduce it to its simplest form and then re-build the problem by adding pieces to it. While re-building the problem, you will gradually reach the solution you seek.

2) The fate of a team / company / organization stands on the PILLARS of 4C denoted as CAUSE, COLLABORATION, COMMUNICATION, CONTINUITY:
A business should be found based on a common CAUSE agreed upon by all employees of the entity. The adaptation of strong COLLABORATION and effective COMMUNICATION are two indispensable items to develop. Last but not least, the survival and the progress of any entity strongly depends on what the long term plan is, and how the drastic changes in the business world / economy are handled, how much new concepts such as Innovation are favored, how well a business strategy is constructed, all invigorating CONTINUITY.

REFERENCES
[1] https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/a/alberteins383803.html
[2] "The Entrepreneur Mind", Kevin D. Johnson (2013)

BUSINESS WORLD
Up until the late 1990's, the companies had been refraining from employing people who saw things differently. This might be understandable at those times, in a sense that all who divert from mainstream would possess certain risk that the companies could not take. Therefore, people with creative ideas were the so-called "troublemakers".

With the advent of the term "Innovation", some entrepreneurs led their industries by "creating" new ideas and products. Even some big businesses that followed conventional methods went bankrupt after a short while. This forced companies to hire people who saw things differently. In today's world, "Innovation" is a crucial tool for businesses to grow and enter / create new markets. And, this requires people with certain "craziness" or let's say "creative and critical thinking" ability.

Based on my experience in the past 10 years in the business world, I have observed that most of these "troublemakers" are interested in, or take part in, at least one type of ART activity (dance, theater, painting, music, ... ). Interesting, right ? Have you also witnessed the same? Can ART be such a powerful tool in nurturing creativity ? Let's observe our surroundings and try to find an answer to these questions ...

SCIENCE WORLD
Not only in business, but the positive effect of ART on creative thinking can also be observed in science. As opposed to a common belief that scientists are antisocial-nerdy looking-weirdo's, it is very surprising to see that there is a huge number of examples that prove otherwise. In history, we all see how science and art go hand in hand; most of the scientists were also the artists of their time or at least would be interested in creating some sort of art (e.g Leonardo da Vinci). If we examine our own era, we also witness a similar pattern; great scientific minds feeding their souls with ART. Let's name some:

Albert Einstein, who is widely known for his distinguished work on Relativity Theory and is also the Nobel Prize Winner in Physics (1921) due to his discovery of the law of Photo Electric Effect, showed a great love for music, starting to play the violin at the age of 5. At the age of 13, he discovered the violin sonatas of Mozart, whereupon he fell in love with the beauty of Mozart's music. He taught himself how to play the music even without studying systematically, but rather through his passion and love for it. "If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music... I get most joy in life out of music." says this great mind of physics who developed one of the two pillars of modern physics; the general theory of relativity.

Richard Feynman, who was ranked as one of the ten greatest physicists of all time and the Nobel Prize winner (1965) due to his contributions to the development of Quantum Electrodynamics, was an enthusiastic amateur player of bongo drums and often played them in the pit orchestra in musicals at Caltech.

These are just a few names to show how the great minds in science showed a deep appreciation for ART, and fed their souls with its the beauty.


To me, adding ART to their very lives definitely improved their ability to be creative and critical thinkers which made all the discoveries of these great minds possible.

STEM EDUCATION Perspective
The holistic approach of STEM (Science - Technology - Engineering - Math) Education is an excellent basis from which to create successful and visionary entrepreneurs.

From the STEM (Science - Technology - Engineering - Math) Education standpoint, there is a huge discussion surrounding the inclusion of "ART" into the picture, transforming "STEM" into "STEAM" to boost the creativity of the students, future-entrepreneurs-to-be. Today, almost everywhere in the world, there is a very strong competition among students enrolling in good schools pursuing their careers. This, unfortunately, makes STEM students focus on good scores on certain classes which are only related to their majors. For example, it may seem a waste of time for an engineering student to take part in a play, or to learn how to play a musical instrument, or to paint, when he or she could solve as many physics problems as possible to get ready for an up-coming test. So, they tend to choose not to get involved with any type of ART in their lives. This is, in general, NOT the choice the STEM students make but is the choice that students are forced by the system. Very unfortunate ...

The eradication of ART from the lives of STEM students may cause serious results. I taught physics classes at various universities located in different parts of the world, and as time passed, I observed a serious decline in the creative thinking abilities of the students. This, I think, is mainly due to the education systems imposing a devastating competitive environment for middle school and high school students, putting a great deal of pressure on their shoulders at a very young age. I even met students in their freshmen year who were unable to dream!

How good is a scientist or an engineer who can not ask questions, who does not have imagination, or who lacks the ability to create, ... but who is very smart and can do numerical calculations that the computers also do? This is indeed something to contemplate ...

Final Remark
STEM Education plays a very important role in creating entrepreneurs (to be discussed in a different article). However, as mentioned above, the business world requires the entrepreneurs to introduce innovative solutions in order to be distinguished as the market leaders in their industries. This is almost like a "MUST" for all start-up companies and even a driving force for all big enterprises to sustain their growth. Here, in this article, we pointed out the importance of creative thinking in the pursuit of innovation, and the power of ART as the supporting tool in due course.
In conclusion, one may consider that a well-established STEM Education is helpful in making entrepreneurs, however ART Education may be crucial to invigorate "creative thinking" which may then lead to "Innovation".

This then begs the question ...

Should we transform the so-called STEM EDUCATION into STEAM EDUCATION? What do you think? Please feel free to share your thoughts, comments and experiences ...

Here is a very powerful example from real world which explains how and why teamwork works ...

It is so often that we disregard the importance of having a good team of dedicated employees in our business. Even in evaluating the performance of our staff, we only consider individual accomplishments and failures, lacking the assessment of the holistic structure. However, it should be remembered that the true culmination of a business can only be achieved through an efficient and effective workforce of a team. The power of a good team is actually superior to that of the sum of contributions from each individual forming that team. Here, I present a very enlightening real-life example which will definitely substantiate our assertion.

I know you are all curious now and waiting for me to tell you what this real-life example is and what on earth that "4 times 100 is NOT 400" appearing in the title really refers to. The answer is merely the comparison of 4x100 meter relay race run by a team of four and 400 meter race run by one. Interesting, right ? Let's reveal a fact which we may not have realized before about these two races. Let me first ask, what is the same for both ??? Easy, it is the total distance run which is 400 meters. What is the key difference ? 4x100 meter relay race is run by four athletes each of whom is responsible for only the 100 meter portion of the race whereas a single athlete has to run the total 400 meters in the 400 meter race.

Understanding the key aspects of each race, we now take one step ahead. Let's check the world records : 4x100 meter relay world record is held by the Jamaican team with the time record of 36.84 seconds, achieved at the 2012 London Olympics. The 400 meter race world record with a time of 43.03 seconds is held by Wayde van Niekerk, achieved in 2016. Have you noticed the huge 6.19 second difference between two world records? What would you conclude here? Should you have  projected a running of 400 meters, would you run it by yourself or would you run it with a team of runners, each of whom would take care of a 100 meter portion of the whole? Due to attitudinal and psychological barriers, some young entrepreneurs happen to underestimate the productivity and the efficiency of a team and they tend to do everything on their own. In today's competitive world, this is definitely not a good strategy for you to adopt, since in the end you may find yourself lagging 6.19 seconds behind your competitors composed of strong teams of athletes, giving you no chance to catch them at all !

The analogy I used above truly stresses the significance of the teamwork in a business. Please keep in mind that it is always wiser to handle the projects as a team, by assigning certain tasks to each individual working collaboratively rather than to force an individual or yourself to do all the tasks at once. Collaboration is the indispensable key element for a team, separating the team from a group of individuals. It connects the team members just like the relay baton passed onto one team member from the other in a 4x100 meter relay race ... As a young entrepreneur, you should always tend to form a team of dedicated, aspiring and hardworking individuals who are able to take part in collaborative research and projects.

So, now do you really think that 4 times 100 is the same as 400 ?